Audit & controls

Every change, and what it looked like before.

Not a log of who signed in. The row as it stood, the row as it became, which columns moved, who moved them and from where — on every table, appended and never edited.

Every change, on every tableappended, never edited
employee_ratesR. Montesclaros · 645.00 → 780.00updateM. Bautista
purchase_ordersPO-202609-00219 · approvedupdateR. Yap
journalsJV-202609-00184 · postedinsertC. Yap
fiscal_periodsAugust closed · reason recordedupdateC. Yap
trial balancerefused — no rows returnedreadwarehouse
Tables coveredevery one that holds a record105
WHAT CHANGEDemployee_rates · 14 Sept 09:41
Beforebasic_rate 645.00
Afterbasic_rate 780.00
Columns movedbasic_rate, effective_from
ByM. Bautista · HR Officer
From112.203.18.4 · Philippines
APPEND ONLYthe table refuses an edit
Before and afternot only that it changed
Visible to whoever may see the record itself, decided row by row
What it is

An append-only audit trail across every table, with the row before and after each change, plus the reconciliations an accountant signs against.

How it works

What it actually does.

01

Append-only, enforced by the database

Not a convention. The table refuses an update or a delete outright, so a trail that disagrees with the books cannot be quietly tidied — including by us.

  • The row before and the row after, with the columns that actually changed.
  • Who, when, from which address and country, and through which client.
  • A correction is a new entry that links to what it corrects; nothing is overwritten.
Who may read the trail
OwnerControllerManagerBookkeeper
Journals and documents
Payroll changes
HR records and originals
Their own sign-ins

Amber is their own people only. Payroll and HR rows are decided one at a time, which is what makes the trail something you can hand to somebody.

02

It is scoped, so it can be shown to people

An audit trail everybody can read is one nobody can be given. Payroll and HR changes are visible only to whoever may see the underlying record, decided per row rather than per table, so a bookkeeper can be handed the trail without being handed the salaries.

  • A manager sees their own people, a controller sees the company.
  • Private personnel documents stay private in the trail as well as on the screen.
  • What somebody cannot see is absent, not blanked — there is nothing to infer from.
ControlRead fromCompared with
Control accountsThe ledgerSub-ledgers built separately
Document tie-outPosted entriesThe paper they came from
Period closeA checklistNothing unposted may remain
Reopening a periodA written reasonRecorded against a person

Both sides come from different places. A check that reads the same source twice proves nothing at all.

03

The controls an accountant actually signs

Sub-ledgers reconciled to control accounts from independent sources, the paper tied back to the books, and a close that will not complete while something is unposted.

  • A period closes on a checklist; reopening it takes a written reason.
  • Reserved permissions are the one thing a wildcard does not grant.
  • Refusals are recorded too — a trail of only what succeeded is half a trail.
Questions

The ones people ask about this.

Is this the BIR’s CAS audit trail requirement?

It is what that requirement asks for and more: the before and after of every change, not only that a change happened. The CAS registration pack reads from it.

Can somebody with database access edit it?

The table refuses updates and deletes through a trigger, so an edit fails rather than succeeding quietly. What an administrator could do to any database is a reason to keep the trail somewhere they cannot reach, which is a hosting question and we will answer it.

How long is it kept?

All of it. It is not rotated or summarised, and the oldest entry is the first change this business ever made in the system.

Can I see what one person did last Tuesday?

Yes — by person, by day, or by record. Every figure on the activity screen opens the entries behind it, the same as everywhere else.

See it on your own figures.

Bring one ordinary day from your business and we will run it through in front of you, on your own items and your own prices.